How do you categorize human errors?

The human factor is undoubtedly the main element in any injury analysis.  When we work and make decisions, we can be right or wrong based on our information. Our state of mind and physique also influence the decisions we make and consequently the actions we take.

Very often, in the analysis of the causes that have contributed to an incident or accident, human error is identified as a cause without deepening what type it is. Which is a mistake in itself, because our tree of causes and the action plan of corrective actions used to prevent the injury from happening will be more precise and effective.

In fact, there are several categories of human errors:
-"skill based" errors, known from a lack of skills or training
-"rule-based" errors, based on the incorrect application of a good procedure or the application of an incorrect procedure
-the errors having a "memory lapse" or "slip fault", caused by the recording or by the failure to apply a step in a sequence of actions

and last but not least there are errors caused by a voluntary violation of safety procedures.

Are there any misconceptions about human errors?

Yes sure. It is always thought that human error is somehow intentional, but it is not so. We often fail because we do not have enough information, or because we are not physically and psychologically 100% of our ideal condition. 

How do you communicate the importance of the safety programme across the company?

I consider myself a privileged person, for having been able to dedicate my career to something ethically profound and important as the protection of the health and safety of my colleagues.

Safety is an indispensable value. I am fortunate to work in a large group, Siemens, which places ethics and safety at the top of the pyramid of values and dedicates specific programs to safety, such as Zero Harm Culture. 

Zero Harm Culture program has the aim of creating a solid Safety Culture, thanks to the leadership of its managers and the ownership of all employees and stakeholders.

Safety must be transferred along the value chain and must not be seen as an obstacle to solid growth. Indeed, the opposite is true: a company with low injury statistics is a healthy and profitable company.

Since the behavior of each of us is behind human errors, such behavior can only be influenced by effective communication. 

At the base of it there must necessarily be a visible and effective leadership, capable of transferring these values to the business lines. Another important role is played by line management, as only leading by example, commitment and perseverance will be possible to influence the behavior of employees. 

Communication must highlight the need to protect the health and safety of each of us, increase our sense of responsibility, make us proud, and help us keep our guards high. 

There is also a deterrent and punishment approach. It's the easiest way, sometimes it pays, but in the short term only. In the long run it is not enough and results are ineffective. 

What are the key communication challenges, and how do you tackle them?

Undoubtedly the key to the success of a communication plan is to stimulate attention and interest in these topics. If the level of attention is lowered, we all tend to underestimate the risks to which we are subject. It is then that injuries happen.

To win this challenge we must create interest: use fantasy. The use of social media, videos and graphics are powerful and effective tools.

Proof of this is our campaign on the "False Myths of Safety", launched by Siemens Italy, which is so successful both internally and with our stakeholders.

We thought of associating images taken from myth in fantasy and historical literature with wrong ways of thinking about safety considered mythological because nobody ever thinks of debunking them.  Ways of thinking that very often have also caused fatal injuries. 

What would you like to achieve by attending the 3rd Edition Process Safety Excellence Conference?

Many of the participants have decades of experience in the field, and they know the feelings and sensations that they try when getting involved in an investigation following an injury, because they have experienced them in person.

This makes them particularly attentive and proactive in experimenting with new prevention techniques. The event is a formidable tool for exchanging experiences, networking and professional growth. I am honored by the opportunity I have been given to participate as a speaker.